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稀有古钱币:精品推荐与收藏指南

05-02

稀有古钱币:精品推荐与收藏指南

大清铜币,学名清代机制铜圆,钱面中央有“大清铜币”四个汉字,内嵌一小字代表地名,上端是满文“大清铜币”字样,两侧为年份。边缘中间分别“户部”二汉字,下端为“当制钱十文”。钱背中央为蟠龙,上端是“光绪(或宣统)年造”,下端英文“Tai-Ching Ti-Kuo Copper Coin”字样(大清帝国铜币)。

各地铸造比较统一。铸造始于1900年(清光绪二十六年),止于1911年(宣统三年),流通时间较短。因其版面设计优雅,雕刻精良,且存世量极为稀少,大清铜币光绪年户部造当十被誉为中国近代制币中的十大名誉品之一。

藏品介绍

中文名称:丁未年大清铜币当制钱十文

英文名称:The qing dynasty copper COINS should be made into ten COINS

规格:一枚

类别:杂项

品相:美品


丁未大清铜币,钱币为圆形,铜币正面珠圈内印有“大清铜币”四字,左右两边是丁未,上缘列有满文“大清铜币”,下缘列“当制钱十文”,背面为统一蟠龙,又称“部颁龙”或“大清龙”上缘为“光绪年造”、字样,下缘为英文“TAI-CIIING-TI-KUO COPPER COIN”,汉译为“大清帝国铜币”。户部所铸铜元正面中央无文字,所以此枚铜币是户部所铸。

大清铜币版式繁多,尤以当十者为最。丁未年极其少见,多位清帝在位时发行过铜币来作为流通货币,铜币的使用具有重要的现实意义和历史意义,使交易逐渐便利起来。而如今,大清铜币也具有一定的收藏价值,许多收藏家对大清铜币爱不释手,而收集多种多样的铜币已经成为了他们的目标,这枚钱币包浆自然,底光柔和,字迹清晰,龙纹栩栩如生,品相完美是不可多得的收藏级钱币。


明朝末年,天下大乱,群雄揭竿而起。在众多农民起义军中,有两支农民起义军最为著名,一支是李自成领导的农民起义军,公元1644年,改西安为西京,建国号大顺,自称大顺王,铸造“永昌通宝”铜钱;另一支是张献忠领导的农民起义军,1643年攻克武昌,占据楚王宫,设尚书、都督和巡抚等官职。1644年张献忠在成都称帝,定国号为“大西”,铸造“大顺通宝”铜钱,并铸“西王赏功”金、银、铜纪念币,奖励有功将士。

藏品介绍

中文名称:西王赏功

英文名称:West Wang Shang work

规格:一枚

类别:杂项

品相:美品

此钱币外圆内方,象征天地乾坤,方口外缘西王赏功四字,背面有黑漆古包浆,开门见老。

黑漆古:古铜长期存放在大气中锈蚀机理分析紫铜、青铜、黄铜在大气中都很稳定,一般小于0.00015毫米/年,在铜表面会生成一层极稳定的保护薄膜,主要是碱式硫酸铜呈橄榄绿色,还会产生氧化铜(CuO)中黑色,硫化亚铜黑色,及氧化亚锡(SnO)棕黑色。年代越久则锈层加厚颜色也变深,俗称为“黑漆古”,若长期在手中把玩则会使表面光亮如镜俗称“传世古”。但在这类古铜中也产生电化学腐蚀,故是“哑声‘。若古铜长期在干燥的环境中(大气中或土中)也会产生氧化铜和氧化亚金星呈深黑色,俗称“黑漆古”

这里是很有意思的,李自成大顺军建国号“大顺”,铸造的是“永昌通宝”,到是张献忠铸造了大顺通宝。张献忠定国号“大西”,铸造西王赏功钱当然是可考的。

西王赏功”银钱,文献记载曾先后发现2枚。第一枚为清末民初金石收藏家申砚丞秘藏,后人亡物散,湮没于历史的长河中。第二枚为钱币收藏家罗伯昭1933年用重金购得收藏于重庆,可见其钱币之稀少,极具历史研究价值以及经济收藏价值。


陈济棠领导的广东政府,为了抵制南京政府推行法币政策,于民国二十五年试制了“孙中山像广东一仙”和“五羊图一仙”铜元。广州自古有五羊仙人的传说,故又称“五羊城”。

藏品介绍

中文名称:孙中山像广东一仙

英文名称:Sun yat-sen is like a guangdong immortal

规格:一枚

类别:杂项

品相:美品

藏品“五羊图壹仙铜币”。质为红铜,币面中央有一圆孔凹痕。 五羊图壹仙铜币正面穿上分列“中华民国廿五年”、“广东省造”两行文字,书法纤细隽美。穿下为五只羊图,形态生动,坐卧起立, 天一雷同,雕刻工细,惟妙惟肖。

关于五羊的传说:“周夷王时有五个仙人骑着口街六支谷穗的五色丰降临楚庭(广外古名),把谷穗赠给州人,并祝州人永无饥荒。仙人言毕隐去,羊化为石”。

故广州亦有“五羊城”或“羊城”之称。另外广州又有“穗”城 之简称。所以五羊图铜币的背面右刻“壹仙”两字,左有形态自然的未穗一束。设计者采用五只羊图及一束稻穗作图案,可谓构思巧妙。独具匠心!


光绪元宝作为清代末期主要的流通货币发行了很多个版本,有一些发行时间短、发行量少的省份类银元尤为珍贵,其中“浙江省造”光绪元宝就是一种。浙江省当时作为清政府主要税收来源的省份之一,又是沿海开埠的主要地区对外贸易经济发达需要大量的贸易银元,但是浙江省自身没有先进的机制币铸造能力,无奈之下只得委托别处代为铸造,又因为清政府收回各地铸币权归中央统一铸造,所以“浙江省造”光绪元宝存世量相当稀少,备受钱币收藏家关注。

藏品介绍

中文名称:这件省造光绪元宝

英文名称:This province made guangxu yuan treasure

规格:一枚

类别:杂项

品相:美品

此枚浙江省造光绪元宝当十。钱币正面珠圈内铸有汉文“光绪元宝”字样,中心为六瓣空心梅花,左右各铸满文,上铸有“浙江省造”四字,下沿铸币值“当十”二字。背面中央铸龙图及火龙珠,上下各铸有英文。

古钱币极具观赏性与历史价值,因此古钱币如同其他古玩一样被藏家们所青睐。中国最早的机制洋式银元为光绪年间的“光绪元宝”,俗称“龙洋”,因银元背面铸有龙纹而得名。珍稀古钱币是货币历史的实物,由于早已不在流通领域,留存下来的亦少之极少,更是历史的见证。此枚浙江省造光绪元宝,保存程度较完美,甚是少见,其铜色极好。该光绪元宝十分精到,具有鲜明的特色,是古币收藏爱好者梦寐以求的上上之选。


中华民国(1912-1949),位于亚洲东部、东临太平洋。是辛亥革命以后建立的亚洲第一个民主共和国,简称民国。

1911年辛亥革命爆发后,革命党在南京建立临时政府,各省代表推举孙中山为临时大总统,1912年元月民国正式建立。以袁世凯为首的北洋势力主政中国,北洋政府分崩离析后政局动荡不安,孙中山南下广州,召开国民党一大,建立黄埔军校随而建立国民政府,促成国共合作后的孙中山不久病逝。 1926年蒋介石继承孙中山遗志领导国民北伐,意欲统一中国,到1928年东北易帜,国民政府从形式上统一中国, 蒋介石成为继孙中山之后的国民党领袖。 统一之后,民国进入所谓的“黄金十年”建设时期。 1937年抗战全面爆发,中国成为反法西斯同盟国,国际地位大大提高,一举成为美英中苏四大国。1949年后因国共内战失利,中华民国时期结束。

藏品介绍

中文名称:中华民国十文

英文名称:Republic of China

规格:一枚

类别:杂项

品相:美品

正面中华民国置于上下左右,中间一党花,背面铭文十文面值,中间党花,左右各一花卉阳刻纹。

在辛亥革命100周年纪念日的推动下,近期红色收藏再度升温,特别是向来对重大历史事件高度敏感的金银币收藏市场,短期行情也顺势火爆。清末民初机制铜币历来在集币圈里有很深的收藏底蕴。


宣统三年,天津度支部选币总厂开铸二分、一分、五厘、一厘新式铜币外,与此同时还铸有计值文字,分别为:二十文、十文、五文、二文、一文新式铜元,其中二十文、十文有红、白铜二种币。五文仅红铜一种,二文、一文铜元。此类铜元铸币不多铸币有限,存世者为之稀少罕见。

藏品介绍

中文名称:宣统三年大清铜币五文

英文名称:Xuantong three years of the qing dynasty five copper COINS

规格:一枚

类别:杂项

品相:美品

此币为大清铜币宣统三年造五文,铸造材质为红铜铸造,其特点:正面中书写五文计值,两边嘉禾麦穗,圈外上缘宣统三年两边各有一朵花星,下书写二百枚换银币壹元计值,背面宣统飞龙,俗称户部大清铜币五文宣统三年宽缘半圆飞龙,

大清铜币宣统年造五文,发行量较少,光绪三十三年1907年,户部造币总厂改称为度支部造币总厂,每种干支纪年,版式计值都成套,先后发行有一文,二文,五文,十文,二十文,但有些铜元铸造了少量后并未发行,现存世稀少,收藏价值极高。

1917年7月张勋复辟,曹琨任西路讨逆军总司令。孙中山南下护法,曹锟曾通电附和段祺瑞反对恢复旧国会、反对护法军政府。1918年2月曹南下汉口,以吴佩孚代理第三师师长兼前敌指挥,率部入岳州、占长沙、取衡阳。1919年12月冯国璋病死,曹锟被奉为直系首领。

藏品介绍

中文名称:宪法成立纪念币

英文名称:Founding of the constitution coin

规格:一枚

类别:杂项

品相:美品

1923年,总统选举会终于成会,因两院议员受贿,为掩盖行径,急于完成宪法,10月8日,宪法全案完成三读会,并于10月10日颁布,当时舆论称其为“贿选宪法”。1923年12月,曹锟通过贿选当上北洋政府第六任总统,就由天津造币总厂铸造发行了曹锟戎装像纪念银币,又称“武曹琨”。


民国期间,军阀混战,逐鹿中原;河南省每一任督军、主席上台后,为了维持庞大的军费开支都大铸特铸铜元,以牟取暴利。1927年5月上旬,武汉国民政府的北伐军与国民军联合进攻河南的奉军,迫使奉军撤出河南。河南战事告一段落后,冯玉祥任河南省主席。1928年3月,国民军创办河南农工银行,总行设在省政府所在地开封。虽说属官商合办性质,但商股不足十分之一。同年10月16日,该行开始发行铜元票1000万串,10月并入西北银行。为兑付纸币,冯玉祥令河南铜元局开铸当百铜元,其中还有部分当贰佰铜元。

藏品介绍

中文名称:二百文双旗币

英文名称:Two hundred COINS with two flags

规格:一枚

类别:杂项

品相:美品

当贰百铜元的正背面图案和前期铸行的当五十义旗嘉禾铜元类似。正面中心 点珠圈内有两丛嘉禾衬托着的一朵盛开的十二瓣扁菊,上缘书“中华民国”,下缘书“当贰百文铜元”,两侧 各有一朵浮雕状的立体长六瓣大花;背面中心交叉的双旗作了明显的改动,象征着辛亥革命和民国建立的五色旗和铁血十八星旗被青天白日旗和青天白日满地红旗代替。

青天白日旗,最初是由资产阶级革命党人陆皓东设计的,当时旗上的叉光数目多寡不一,后经孙中山先生解释,叉光代表干支之数,排作十二,以代十二时辰;后来作为国民党党旗使用。青天白日满地红旗,与青天白日旗相仿,只是将青天白日图案改在旗的左上角,其余部分为红色。1927年 4月蒋介石发动“四一二”反革命政变,同年南京国民政府成立,定青天白日满地红旗为国旗, 取代了五色旗。

上图红斑绿绣开门见老,且绿绣颜色深浅不一,包浆自然,底光柔和,没有贼光,二百文是双旗的最高面值,面值越大发行量越少,是一见难得的稀有铜币。

英文翻译:Qing dynasty copper coin, scientific name qing dynasty mechanism copper round, money face central has "qing dynasty copper coin" four Chinese characters, embedded in a small character to represent the place name, the top is the manchu "qing dynasty copper coin" words, both sides for the year. In the middle of the edge are two Chinese characters for "ministry of household", and the bottom is "ten characters for making money". The central part of the Coin is panlong, and the top part is "made in guangxu (or xuantong) year". The bottom part is "tai-ching ti-kuo Copper Coin" in English.

Casting around the more unified. Casting began in 1900 (the twenty-sixth year of the reign of emperor guangxu of the qing dynasty) and ended in 1911 (the third year of the reign of emperor xuantong). Because of its elegant layout design, fine carving, and the existence of the world is very rare, the qing dynasty copper COINS guangxu years department made when ten is known as one of China's modern currency ten reputation.

The collection is introduced

Chinese name: the year of the qing dynasty when copper COINS ten COINS

The qing dynasty copper COINS should be made into ten COINS

Specification: one piece

Category: miscellaneous

Phase: beauty

Ding qing COPPER COINS, COIN is round, COPPER COIN positive bead circle with "qing coppers" four words, left and right sides, is not on the edge of the column with the manchu "qing" COIN to lower edge column "when ZhiQian ten", on the back for unified panlong, also known as "the customer dragon" or "qing dragon" on the edge for the words "made in guangxu years", and lower edge in English "TAI - CIIING - TI - KUO COPPER COIN", Chinese translation for "qing empire coppers. There is no character in the center of the front face of the coin cast by the ministry of household, so this coin is cast by the ministry of household.

Qing dynasty copper coin format, especially when ten for the most. During the reign of the emperor of the qing dynasty, a number of copper COINS were issued as currency. The use of copper COINS has important practical and historical significance, making transactions more convenient. And now, the qing dynasty copper coin also has a certain value of collection, many collectors of the qing dynasty copper coin love, and the collection of a variety of copper COINS has become their goal, this coin paste nature, the bottom light is soft, clear handwriting, dragon pattern lifelike, perfect is rare collection of COINS.

In the last years of the Ming dynasty, the world was in chaos and the heroes rebelled. Among the numerous peasant rebel armies, there are two most famous peasant rebel armies. One is the peasant rebel army led by li zicheng. In 1644, xi 'an was changed to xijing. The other was the peasant rebel army led by zhang xianzhong, who conquered wuchang in 1643 and occupied the royal palace of chu. In 1644, zhang xianzhong proclaimed himself emperor in chengdu and named his country "da xi". He minted "da shun tong bao" copper COINS and minted "xi wang yu gong" gold, silver and bronze commemorative COINS to reward meritorious soldiers.

The collection is introduced

Chinese name: xiwang meritorious service

English name: West Wang Shang work

Specification: one piece

Category: miscellaneous

Phase: beauty

This coin outside the circle inside the square, the symbol heaven and earth universe, square mouth outside the edge of the west king appreciation of four words, the reverse side has black lacquer ancient package paste, open the door to see old.

Black lacquer: bronze long-term in atmospheric corrosion mechanism analysis of copper, bronze, brass in the atmosphere is very stable, generally less than 0.00015 mm/year, in the copper surface generates a very stable layer of protective film, mainly alkaline type copper sulfate in olive green, also can produce copper oxide (CuO) in black, cuprous sulphur black, and stannous oxide (SnO), dark brown. The older the rust layer thickened color also become dark, commonly known as "black lacquer ancient", if long in the hand will make the surface as bright as a mirror commonly known as "handed down the ancient". But this type of copper also produces electrochemical corrosion, so it is "dumb". If the copper long-term in the dry environment (in the atmosphere or soil) will also produce copper oxide and Venus oxide dark black, commonly known as "black lacquer ancient"

Here is very interesting, li zicheng dashun jun jianguo "dashun", the casting is "yongchang tongbao", to is the casting of zhang xianzhong dashun tongbao. Zhang xianzhong named the country "da xi", casting west wang reward money is certainly to be examined.

The west king appreciates merit "silver money, the literature records once discovered 2 successively. The first stone for the late qing dynasty and early republic of China collector shen yancheng secret collection, after the death of people and things scattered, annihilation in the river of history. The second is a coin collector Robert Robert bought with heavy gold in chongqing in 1933, it can be seen that its COINS are rare, very valuable for historical research and economic collection.

The guangdong government led by Chen jitang, in order to resist the nanjing government's implementation of legal currency policy, in the 25 years of the republic of China, tried to produce the "sun yat-sen is like an immortal in guangdong" and "five sheep picture an immortal" copper dollar. Since ancient times, guangzhou has the legend of the five sheep immortals, so it is also known as the "five sheep city".

The collection is introduced

Chinese name: sun yat-sen is like a guangdong immortal

Sun yat-sen is like a guangdong immortal

Specification: one piece

Category: miscellaneous

Phase: beauty

Collection of "five sheep picture one cents copper COINS." It is of red copper, with a round hole and dent in the middle of the surface. Five sheep picture one cents copper coin on the front wear "republic of China 25 years", "made in guangdong province" two lines of text, calligraphy slender Juan beauty. Wear for five sheep, vivid form, sitting, lying up, the same day, carving fine, lifelike.

The legend about the five sheep: "there were five immortals riding on the six ears of grain in the street of the king of zhou, who came down to chu ting (ancient name) and gave the ears of grain to the people of zhou and wished them never to be hungry. The immortal said hide, sheep into stone ".

Therefore, guangzhou is also known as "five sheep city" or "sheep city". In addition, guangzhou has the abbreviation of "spike" city. So the back of the wuyang figure copper coin right engraved "one cents" two words, the left has the form of natural not a bunch of ears. The designer USES five sheep and a bunch of rice ears as the design. Show originality!

Guangxu yuan bao, as the main currency in circulation at the end of the qing dynasty, was issued in many versions. Some provincial silver yuan with short release time and little circulation was especially precious, among which "made in zhejiang province" guangxu yuan bao was one kind. As the qing government of zhejiang province, one of the main sources of provinces is the main area of coastal open port of foreign trade and economic development requires a lot of trade silver, but without their own advanced mechanism of COINS casting ability in zhejiang province, but under had to trust elsewhere to casting, and because the qing government to take back the local COINS rights owned by the central casting, so "made in zhejiang province" guangxu wing only a quite rare, has attracted many attentions of the coin collectors.

The collection is introduced

Chinese name: this province made guangxu yuan treasure

This province made guangxu yuan treasure

Specification: one piece

Category: miscellaneous

Phase: beauty

Guangxu yuan treasure made in zhejiang province. Coin front bead ring cast in the Chinese character "guangxu yuan bao", the center is six hollow plum blossom, the left and right casting manchu, on the cast "zhejiang province made" four characters, the bottom along the cast value "when ten" two characters. Back center cast dragon drawing and fire dragon bead, top and bottom cast in English.

Ancient COINS are of great ornamental and historical value, so they are as popular among collectors as other antiques. The earliest mechanism of the foreign silver yuan in China was the "guangxu yuan treasure" in the reign of guangxu, commonly known as "longyang", which was named for the dragon pattern on the back of the silver yuan. Rare ancient money is the physical object of the history of money, because it has not been in circulation, the remaining is also very few, but also the historical witness. This piece of zhejiang province made guangxu ingot, the preservation degree is more perfect, is very rare, its copper color is very good. The guangxu yuan treasure is very fine, with distinct characteristics, is the ancient currency collectors dream of the best choice.

Republic of China (1912-1949), east of Asia, on the Pacific Ocean. It was the first democratic republic in Asia after the 1911 revolution.

After the 1911 revolution, the revolutionary party established a provisional government in nanjing, and representatives from the provinces elected sun yat-sen as the provisional President. The republic of China was formally established in January 1912. The beiyang forces led by yuan shikai were in charge of China. After the collapse of the beiyang government, the political situation was in turmoil. In 1926, Chiang kai-shek led the northern expedition in succession to sun yat-sen's will, intending to unify China. By 1928, the northeast changed its banner, and the nationalist government formally unified China. Chiang kai-shek became the leader of the kuomintang after sun yat-sen. After unification, the republic of China entered the so-called "golden decade" construction period. In 1937, the war of resistance against Japanese aggression broke out, and China became the anti-fascist ally. After 1949, the republic of China period ended due to the defeat of the Chinese civil war.

The collection is introduced

Chinese name: republic of China

English name: Republic of China

Specification: one piece

Category: miscellaneous

Phase: beauty

The front of the republic of China placed around the top and bottom, the middle of a party flower, on the back of the inscription of ten face value, the middle party flower, about a flower Yang engraving.

In the 100 anniversary of the 1911 revolution, the recent red collection again heated up, especially has always been highly sensitive to major historical events of gold and silver coin collection market, the short-term market is hot. In the late qing dynasty and early republic of China, the mechanism copper COINS have always had a deep collection in the coin collection circle.

Xuantong three years, tianjin branch of the general election of COINS factory began to cast two, one, five li, one li new copper COINS, at the same time also cast the value of the text, respectively: twenty, ten, five, two, one new copper COINS, of which twenty, ten have red, white copper two COINS. Five copper only one, two, one copper yuan. This kind of copper coin is rare because it is rare in the world.

The collection is introduced

Chinese name: xuantong three years of the qing dynasty five copper COINS

Xuantong three years of the qing dynasty five copper COINS

Specification: one piece

Category: miscellaneous

Phase: beauty

This money for qing xuantong three years to build five coin, casting is made of red copper casting, its characteristic: write five meter value, in front on both sides of golden harvest grain, on the outside edge xuantong three years there is a flower on each side, written under RMB two hundred in silver one meter value, xuantong dragon on the back, commonly known as the book of qing coppers five xuantong three years wide flange semicircle dragon,

Qing xuantong year made five coin, less circulation, guangxu thirty-three years in 1907, the coin branch factory, renamed degrees of coinage factory, each power calendar, format values are complete, has issued a, two, five, ten, twenty, but after some copper coin minted small did not release, the existing scarce, high value for collection.

In July 1917, zhang xun restored the state and cao kun became commander-in-chief of the rebellious army on the west road. Sun yat-sen went south to protect the law. Cao kun had a telephone message to support duan qirui's opposition to the restoration of the old national assembly and the protection of the military government. In February 1918, cao nan went to hankou, acting as the commander of the third division and the commander of the former enemy with wu peifu, led his troops into yuezhou, occupied changsha and took hengyang. In December 1919, feng guozhang died of illness, and cao kun was regarded as the immediate leader.

The collection is introduced

Chinese name: constitution establishment commemorative coin

Founding of the constitution coin

Specification: one piece

Category: miscellaneous

Phase: beauty

In 1923, the general assembly of the presidential election finally came to an end, because the members of both houses of parliament took bribes, in order to cover up their actions, they were eager to complete the constitution. On October 8, the third reading of the whole constitution was completed, and it was promulgated on October 10. At that time, the public opinion called it the "vote-buying constitution". In December 1923, cao kun became the sixth President of the beiyang government through bribery. The general coin factory in tianjin minted and issued the commemorative silver coin of cao kun's military uniform, also known as "wu cao kun".

During the republic of China, warlords fought among themselves in the central plains. After each military governor and chairman of henan province came to power, in order to maintain the huge military expenditure, they all cast copper yuan to make huge profits. In early May 1927, the northern lobbing army of wuhan national government and the national army jointly attacked the fengjun army in henan, forcing the fengjun army to withdraw from henan. After the war in henan ended, feng yuxiang became chairman of henan province. In March 1928, the national army established henan agricultural and industrial bank with its headquarters in kaifeng, the seat of the provincial government. Although it is a joint venture between government and business, it is less than a tenth. On October 16 of the same year, the bank began to issue 10 million copper notes, which were merged into northwest bank in October. In order to redeem the notes, feng yuxiang ordered the henan bureau of copper COINS to be minted into 100 copper dollars, of which there was a portion of 200 copper dollars.

The collection is introduced

Chinese name: two hundred characters double flag coin

English name: Two hundred COINS with Two flags

Specification: one piece

Category: miscellaneous

Phase: beauty

When the two hundred copper front and back patterns and early cast when the fifty flag jiahe copper similar. In front of the central point bead ring there are two clusters of jiahe foils a blooming 12-petal flat chrysanthemum, the upper edge of the book "the republic of China", the lower edge of the book "when two hundred copper dollar", on both sides of a relief shaped three-dimensional long six big flowers; On the reverse side of the center crossed double flag made obvious changes, symbolizing the establishment of the revolution of 1911 and the republic of China five-color flag and iron blood 18-star flag were replaced by the blue sky flag and blue sky red flag.

The blue sky and day flag was originally designed by lu haodong, a bourgeois revolutionary party member. Later it was used as the kuomintang flag. Blue sky and day red flag, and blue day and day flag similar, but the blue day and day design changed in the upper left corner of the flag, the rest of the red. In April 1927, Chiang kai-shek launched the "April 12" counter-revolutionary coup. In the same year, the nanjing national people's government was founded.

Above red spot green embroider opens the door to see old, and green embroider color depth is different, pack oar nature, bottom light is soft, without thief light, 200 text is the highest face value of double flag, face value is bigger the circulation is less, it is a rare rare copper coin.

天津宠物美容师培训学校

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